Roman Catechism 18.13

Chapter 18 — Part II: The Sacraments — The Holy Eucharist

Section 13. It is not, however, lawful to consecrate or partake of the Eucharist after eating or drinking, because, according to a custom wisely introduced by the Apostles, as ancient writers have recorded, and which has ever been retained and preserved, Communion is received only by persons who are fasting.